Self-organisation with Aggregate Computing: A Reflection Under the Lenses of Multi-agent Systems Engineering

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Viviana Mascardi, Andrea Omicini (eds.)
The Agents Journey: Twenty-Five Years of Multi-agent Systems, chapter 6, pages 147–178
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (State-of-the-Art Survey) 16395
Springer Nature Switzerland
April 2026

In multi-agent systems research, large-scale is traditionally addressed by bio-inspired self-organisation: starting from the paradigmatic case of ant colonies, potentially miriads of agents can be designed to bring about global complex behaviour by simple individual tasks and local interactions, by emergence. With that inspiration, the research on aggregate computing developed a theoretical and programming framework to express and engineer resilient collective behaviour in a compositional and declarative fashion, completely abstracting from population size and shape. This grounds on previous work on co-fields for agent coordination, macro-languages for amorphous computing, and environment design for MASs, and culminated in the field calculus computing model, novel programming languages, and libraries for complex and distributed situation recognition, swarm behaviour, agent-assisted crowd engineering, and the like. Overall, after a decade, several results have been provided in the area of coordination, programming languages, distributed algorithms and platforms, and self-adaptive and self-organising systems. In this chapter we seek to pave the way for bringing some of such results back the agent community. We overview such results and elaborate on how can they provide contributions and research perspectives to traditional MAS research threads, and especially in the design of information distributed digital signs for environment-mediated agent coordination, (ii) collective plans for agents and swarms, and (iii) reinforcement learning frameworks for many-agent systems.

keywords   Multi-agent systems, self-organisation, collective adaptive systems, aggregate computing, macro-programming, distributed artificial intelligence
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Journal_icon.svg Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
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companion publication
Publication_icon.svg Preface (editorial/introduction/preface, 2026) — Viviana Mascardi, Andrea Omicini
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companion publication for
Publication_icon.svg 25 Years of Declarative Agent Technologies in Italy (book chapter, 2026) — Davide Ancona, Daniela Briola, Angelo Ferrando, Maurizio Martelli, Viviana Mascardi
Publication_icon.svg AI Infrastructure: From Gigastructure to Edge Intelligence with Multi-Agent Systems (book chapter, 2026) — Andrea Omicini, Alessandro Ricci, Viviana Mascardi
Publication_icon.svg Coordination of Software Agents: Models and Languages (book chapter, 2026) — Giacomo Cabri, Letizia Leonardi, Stefano Mariani, Franco Zambonelli
Publication_icon.svg Evolution of Programming Languages in Agent Systems and the Role of Computational Logic (book chapter, 2026) — Alina Vozna, Andrea Monaldini, Stefania Costantini, Giovanni De Gasperis, Pierangelo dell’Acqua, Andrea Formisano, Andrea Rafanelli
Publication_icon.svg Intelligent Agents from Symbolic to Neurosymbolic Systems: The Quest for Integration (book chapter, 2026) — Andrea Agiollo, Roberta Calegari, Giovanni Ciatto, Matteo Magnini, Andrea Omicini, Federico Sabbatini
Publication_icon.svg Rethinking Software Agents as Building Blocks of Software Systems (book chapter, 2026) — Federico Bergenti, Stefania Monica
Publication_icon.svg Looking for the Best Partners (book chapter, 2026) — Domenico Rosaci, Giuseppe M. L. Sarnè
Publication_icon.svg Trust Evolution in Agent and Multi-agent Systems: A Computational Modeling Perspective (book chapter, 2026) — Alessandro Sapienza, Filippo Cantucci, Cristiano Castelfranchi, Rino Falcone
Publication_icon.svg Preface (editorial/introduction/preface, 2026) — Viviana Mascardi, Andrea Omicini
Publication_icon.svg From Objects to Agents, and Back to Smart Objects: Software Agents for Intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) Systems (book chapter, 2026) — Daniel-Costel Bouleanu, Marco Loaiza, Claudio Savaglio, Costin Bădică, Raffaele Gravina, Giancarlo Fortino
Publication_icon.svg Interaction Protocols: From AUML to Social Commitments, from Artifacts to BSPL (book chapter, 2026) — Matteo Baldoni, Cristina Baroglio, Roberto Micalizio
Publication_icon.svg Designing Agent-Oriented Systems (book chapter, 2026) — Massimo Cossentino, Luca Sabatucci, Valeria Seidita